Urinary protein, a major factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease, is examined over and over again by patients with kidney disease.
However, there are patients who have checked for many times, but still haven't found out how to treat their urine protein, because the examination items of this part of patients are not comprehensive so that the disease diagnosis is not clear.
The examination of urine protein mainly includes 4 items:
1. Qualitative urinary protein
That is, the urine protein plus or minus number shown on the urine routine, which is the most basic item in the urine protein related examination. Advantages are convenience, disadvantages are not high accuracy,
To eliminate errors, patients who first check their urine routine must check their morning urine at least three times to determine whether they have proteinuria.
These three take "two wins in three games," if two positive, it means that there is proteinuria or (and) hematuria. If two out of three negative, proteinuria and hematuria cannot be diagnosed.
If the urine routine shows excessive urine protein, 24h urine protein should be checked.
2. 24h urine protein
Urine routine is to see whether there is protein in urine or not, and 24h urine protein is to see how much protein is in urine: collect all the urine for 24 hours, take part of it to determine the protein content, and then calculate the total amount of protein within 24 hours.
Mild proteinuria, refers to 24 hours of urine protein quantitative less than 1.0 grams;
Moderate proteinuria, refers to the 24-hour urine protein quantitative between 1.0 grams and 3.5 grams;
Severe proteinuria is defined as a 24-hour urine protein ration greater than 3.5 grams.
3. Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP)
Different urine protein molecules will form different arrangements after electrification. This test can roughly infer the source of urinary protein (is overflow proteinuria or tissue destructive proteinuria); And can understand the situation of renal function, for example, if there is only medium molecular weight urine protein, the lesions are mild. If low, medium and high molecular weight urine proteins are present, it indicates that the lesions are more severe.
4. Urinary protein component
There are many kinds of protein molecules in the urine, and the urine protein component is to do a "quantitative" examination for each protein molecule to see how much each protein is so as to accurately determine the source of the urine protein, as well as the damaged position of the kidney, the degree of damage, and what kind of treatment is needed.
Transferrin, for example, may reflect impaired membrane charge selection in the glomerular filtration barrier;
Urine NAG enzyme, reflecting injury and necrosis of proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells in the kidney;
Uroretinol binding protein, sensitive to the damage of the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney;
Urine β2 microglobulin, reflecting damage to the glomerular basement membrane;
Urinary immunoglobulin G, a clear diagnosis of glomerular filtration membrane mechanical barrier damage;
All in all, urine protein electrophoresis is the comprehensive situation of urine protein, and the urine protein component is the quantitative test of the known components in the urine. The two tests cooperate with each other to become the most comprehensive urine protein test at present.
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